According to a new study from the Keck School of Medicine of USC, women exposed to higher levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) or inhalable particulate matter (PM₁₀) during the second trimester of pregnancy face an almost fourfold increased risk of postpartum depression, compared to women exposed to lower levels of those air pollutants.

The findings, published in  Science of the Total Environment, also show that the higher risk persists for at least three years.

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